Essay The Life And Ministry Of The Apostle Paul - 1730 Words

The Life And Ministry Of The Apostle Paul The beginnings of my life are an interesting jumble, and they highlight the cosmopolitan world that was the Roman Empire. I was born in an Asian city now located on the southern coast of Turkey called Tarsus in about the year 10. My parents were Jewish, presumably strict Pharisees. They were also Roman citizens. It is important to note that even though Judea was within the Roman Empire most Jews were not Roman citizens. Citizenship outside of Italy was an honor reserved for people who made great contributions to the Empire. Thus, we may presume that my mother and father were people of influence and perhaps even moderate wealth. At the age of fourteen, I was sent to Jerusalem to train to be†¦show more content†¦However, on the way, I had a vision. This vision is described several times in the Bible, three times in the book of Acts. I remember it clear as day. I saw Jesus who asked, Why Paul, do you persist in persecuting Me? He then commissioned me to preach His message to the Gentiles. This meeting with Jesus is what I consider my formal ‘conversion, if you will, to Christianity. Even so, I always insisted that i remain both a Jew and a Roman. But before I was able to fully accept this message from Jesus, I spent some time in Arabia and then Damascus. Searching my soul, I undertook the mission I believed had been given to me directly by Jesus. I began preaching in Demascus for three years. My enemies were determined to kill me so I had to slip out of the city by night. I traveled on to Jerusalem and there gained official sanction from the elders of the Church, including Peter and James, to bring the message of Jesus to the Gentiles. Along with Barnabas, he then went on his first Missionary Journey to Cyprus, Antioch in Pisidia, Iconium, Lystra and Derbe. During this journey we encountered many hardships. I was even stoned, though not killed, in Lystra. It was an ironic twist that Paul underwent the same g ruesome punishment he had sanctioned for Stephen and for the very cause Stephen had suffered. Around 50 A.D I returned to Jerusalem to report to the church elders. My visit provoked a dispute over whether Christians had toShow MoreRelatedThe Apostle Paul Confessed On My Life And Ministry Essay1791 Words   |  8 PagesAs the Apostle Paul confessed in the book of Corinthians, I also have confidence that I am what I am by the grace of God. The grace of God has been given to me from the very beginning until now, so that I grow into a person who stands firm in the name of Jesus and proclaims the Word of God to the people. God is glorified and honored through my life and ministry. Early influence It is a blessing to have a Christian family. They had prayed for me even before I was born. As I became three months oldRead MoreBackground . The Book Of Acts Or The Acts Of The Apostles1523 Words   |  7 PagesBackground The Book of Acts or the Acts of the Apostles is also referred to as the Book of the Holy Spirit or just the Acts of the Holy Spirit because of the numerous cases it portrays the work of the Holy Spirits. Acts present the work of the Holy Spirit as the life line of the Church. It is important to remember that, in the previous gospel books, Jesus had lived, Jesus had died, and he had risen and ascended to heaven. At the time of his ascension, Jesus promised to send the helper; the HolyRead MoreMarriage, Divorce and Celibacy1459 Words   |  6 PagesMarriage, Divorce and Celibacy The Apostle Paul’s Teachings on Marriage, Divorce and Celibacy MS Mid-America Christian University BINT3813-PSY1207 Foundations of Ethics: The Life and Teachings of Paul Lawrence Kirk Marriage, Divorce and Celibacy Abstract This paper explores the Apostle Paul’s teachings on marriage, divorce, remarrying and celibacy. This teaching on marriage is found in 1 Corinthians 7. In his teachings Paul gives advice to the unmarried in, he givesRead MoreBook Review of Missionary Methods1056 Words   |  5 Pagesplace in the ministry of the missionary and his book reflects a desire to awaken others to the same understanding of the Spirit. Summary of the Book The overall purpose of the Roland Allen’s book is to convey the dramatic differences between the methods of modern day missionary organizations and those of the Apostle Paul. Through deep personal study of the various teachings, practices, and strategies of Paul, Allen gained an understanding of what made the ministry of the Apostle so successfulRead MoreWhy Paul Is Considered Second to Jesus in Christianity - New Testament685 Words   |  3 PagesREL 201 – Intro to the New Testament Essay 4 Explain why Paul is often considered second only to Jesus in his contribution to Christianity. To understand Paul and why he is regarded so high as to be put only second to Jesus is bewildering to some. We must first though understand Pauls’ background and his overall divine message he is trying to portray to understand why he is regarded as he is. Paul, whom was born in Cilicia, was named also Saul which means â€Å"asked for†. He was broughtRead MoreJesus And The Christian Movement880 Words   |  4 Pageslearn more about God. Although his works are more prevalent in his thirties, Jesus may have begun performing his works during his unknown life period (ages 12-30). Several people consider Jesus to the founder of Christianity due to his focus on sharing the Gospel of God to those around him. However, another person had a strong part in the early Christian movement. Paul, formerly known as Saul, was a Pharisee who persecuted Christians. The high priest entrusted Saul with the mission to travel to DamascusRead MoreThe Transformation Of The Unity Of God In The Church916 Words   |  4 Pagesproblem? This generation must master the love that Paul explained in 1 Corinthians 13 and become that perfect man in Ephesians 4:11, â€Å"Till we all come in the unity of the faith, and of the knowledge of the Son of God, unto a perfect man, unto the measure of the stature of the fulness of Christ:† Once there is enough matured believers in any given city to rise to this occasion—we will be unstoppable. A. Apostles: Ephesians 4:11: â€Å"And he gave some, apostles; and some, prophets; and some, evangelists; andRead MoreChristianity And The Rise Of Christianity Essay1468 Words   |  6 Pagesunder 34,000 different denominations. This popular religion is all about the life, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. When a religion is born so is a holy book to remember it by. The bible is considered the word of God and is known for its infamous stories and sayings. The Bible contains rules and righteous acts to live by. Many question as to how Christianity spread and to what extent did Jesus Christ and his apostles go through in order to gain followers. A major reason for the spread of ChristianityRead MoreBiblical Leadership : The Foundation842 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant to a house. The whole structure relies upon the solidity of the foundation. It is no surprise that Jesus uses the foundation of a house to illustrate the need for a proper foundation in our spiritual lives (Matth ew 7:24-27). All things in life need to be built on a foundation. For the Christian, the foundation is the Word of God. It should come as no surprise, the Bible also builds a foundation for leadership in the local church. The church is built upon the foundation laid out in the BibleRead MoreThematic Analysis Of The Book Of Acts Essay example1571 Words   |  7 Pages(Submit in Part 3) Column #5 Theme (Submit in Part 3) 1:1–5 Introduction 1:1-26 Before Pentecost 1:1–28:31 1:6–11 The ascension of Jesus ï‚ ¼ 1:12–14 The Upper Room ï‚ ¼ 1:15–26 Replacement of Judas, Matthias appointed new apostle ï‚ ¹ 2:1–4 Fulfillment of The Holy Spirit’s dissension On Pentecost 2:1-47 Day of Pentecost 2:5–13 Tongues; evidence of Holy Spirit testifying concerning Christ ï‚ ¼ 2:14–21 Peter’s first sermon ï‚ ¹ 2:22–28 Witness of

A Common Theme Of Death Emerges - 1518 Words

Throughout Sylvia Plath’s poetry, a common theme of Death emerges. The poem, â€Å"Lady Lazarus†, is the epitome of this theme. Plath grew up with the realities of death in the forefront because of her father’s passing at a young age and her struggles with at least one mental illness. After numerous suicide attempts, Plath eventually succumbed to her depression and killed herself in 1963 at thirty years old. According to a letter regarding a possible BBC Broadcast sent to her mother, Plath wrote, â€Å"The speaker is a woman who has the great and terrible gift of being reborn. The only trouble is, she has to die first. She is the phoenix, the libertarian spirit, what you will. She is also just a good, plain, very resourceful woman† (Appendix II,†¦show more content†¦The speaker relates the struggles she has been facing to the treatment of Jews during the Holocaust. These representations of her struggles are very strong, especially when the shor t length of time between the horrific event and the writing of this poem (roughly thirty years after the end of the Holocaust) are considered. Though we are not sure exactly what struggles are being faced by the speaker, a vivid picture is painted with these comparisons. Here is also where I initially get the idea that the speaker has no control over the events that have happened to her and have led her to feel this way. The only small amount of control she can exert is by explaining her feelings in such and extreme way to further the pain she is feeling. Slowly throughout the poem, certain stanzas and phrases provide insight as to what her struggles are. In the fifth and sixth stanza, the speaker explains: â€Å"Soon, soon the flesh / The grave cave ate will be / At home on me // And I a smiling woman. / I am only thirty. / And like the cat I have nine times to die† (Plath, 16-21). In these two stanzas, it is clear that Lady Lazarus is not disturbed by death or anything that is related to it. She welcomes the dead flesh of her grave to her body, and yet, she is still a smiling woman. This gives the impression that, unlike typical feelings of death, the speaker’s struggles stemShow MoreRelatedDisparity Between Passion of the Christ and the Bible Essay1477 Words   |  6 Pagescrucifixion and death. One of the most anticipated and popular religious movies in modern society, it therefore becomes susceptible to criticism. Although the film is based upon the stories within the four gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, there are many exaggerations and non-biblical elements present in the movie. This is not unexpected, since it is a movie, but the vivid detail of the brutality in the movie as well as the Anti-Semitic theme are the most publicly criticized themes and conceptsRead MoreCritical Essay on â€Å"the Second Coming†1132 Words   |  5 Pagespolitical interwar period.  The poem has three common themes: 1) the presentation of chaotic motion as the bustle of the World War I destruction left in its wake, 2) the animal metaphor as a sign of irrationality and 3) treatment of topological aspects as description of the destruction.  It is possible to construct an interpretation through historical analysis of the three aspects mentioned above.  This essay attempts to move between these three themes to link them to historical events that marked theRead MoreSlaughterhouse Five Are Obvious And Piercing As One1139 Words   |  5 Pagesdemonstrates the reality of war throughout its major themes, historical accuracy, and Kurt Vonnegut’s personal experiences within World War II that shines light on the horrendous acts of war that has plagued an abundant amount of countries for centuries. 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Despite these great differences, these two characters have one thing in common: they are widely regarded as heroes in their religion. This is just one of many distinctions between the two epics. In The Odyssey, the afterlife consists of â€Å"the shambling, shiftless dead† (Homer 1996: 251) while in The Ramayana, reincarnation follows death. These dissimilar perspectives have a tremendous impact on charaters’ beliefs and behavior. This paper will investigateRead More Disparity Between The Passion Of The Christ by Mel Gibson and The Bible1461 Words   |  6 Pagesportraying his arrest, trial, crucifixion and death. One of the most popular religious movies in modern times, it therefore becomes susceptible to criticism. Although the film is based upon the stories within the four gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, there are many exaggerations and non-biblical elements present in the movie. 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Real Estate Bubble in China the Present and the Future Free Essays

string(112) " demand of properties is still more than the supply of apartments, due to the urbanization and economic growth\." The concern over whether China is experiencing a real estate bubble has increased, especially after Dubai crisis happened. The construction area of both residential and commercial properties has increased by almost 6 times since year of 2000. China has enjoyed a sharp increase in property price since 2006. We will write a custom essay sample on Real Estate Bubble in China: the Present and the Future or any similar topic only for you Order Now Especially, after 2009, due to the large stimulus package, majority of the money went to construction and real estate industry. It further pushed up the property price, leading to a lot families became the â€Å"slave of the property† who were struggled to pay the mortgage. Not only the high price has affected most people‘s lives in China, it could also greatly affect Chinese economy and even the global economy. Domestically, the prosperity of real estate industry is fuelled by local investment and easy band loan. According to MSN Money, there is an increase of 38. 2% from 2010 in property market , mainly from developers and speculators. The scale of loans goes to property market is even more scary, up to $1. 3 trillion. People have compared the real estate bubble of China to the United States. The question is will Chinese property bubble has the similar effect? Fortunately, the difference between China and the United States are quite striking. The factors lead to the collapse of property market in United States will unlikely to happen. In China, a country with high saving rate, people used to buy property in cash 4 or 5 years ago. Even in the heyday of residential mortgages, the loan is not as easy as in the U. S. Down payment amount is much higher than in the U. S. A decline of 20 to 30 % in prices will not let the bubble burst in China. In conclusion, the burst of real estate bubble is not easy in China and, if happened, will have limited effect to the world economy. In this paper, I will try to present the whole picture of Chinese real estate market from the current situation to how it evolves, and will touch on the future as well. This will be achieved with the help of some data and the explanations of ratios. Section II: A Real Estate Bubble in China? The first question needs to be answered is that is there a real estate bubble in China? Since government tries to avoid this sensitive word â€Å"bubble†, and data are not reliable. People have to figure them out and estimate how large the bubble is. Bubble is believed to exist in many major cities of China. For example, in Beijing, real estate prices rose by 350% to 900 % only in 7 years from 2003 to 2010(Figure 1). Other indicators of real estate bubble have reached an alarming status in China in many major cities, including Beijing, Shanghai , Nanjing , Hangzhou and so on. The even striking fact in China is that you can hear stories about â€Å"empty cities† very often. China has the second largest mall empty in southeast China, and modern empty city in Ordos. These are only the cases that you know and easy to identify. However, more empty streets or blocks are in the cities, waiting for people to move in. Ghost City Ordos: the famous empty city in China is Ordos, which is located in the north part of China. Ordos is the second richest city in China, followed by Shanghai, even richer in term s of per capita than Beijing. The city is rich because of abundant natural resources. One –sixth of China‘s coal reserve, one –third of it is natural gap reserves. The GDP has increased at 25% per year, much higher than the national level. With such a huge amount of money, local government wants to attract more people to stay in Ordos. This is how the empty city comes from. The new city was designed to accommodate 300, 000 people, with a capacity of holding 1 million people. Currently, you can hardly see any people on the street, even though most of the properties have been sold out. Surprisingly, the city is still under construction. The local government still believes that they can fill in the new city soon. Unfortunately, the stories about empty cities have been repeated on and on in China. This has been interpreted as a sign of over investment and real estate bubble. In the case, the apartments have all been sold out, even though nobody moves in. ecause most people believe that property will grow definitely. For investment purpose, most of them prefer to buy one. This kind of behavior has contributed to the high vacancy rate in China, High Vacancy Rate: since official data are not reliable, the concrete number of vacancy rate is not available from official sources. The reason for this has been that government officials said that, they don’t know what vacancy rate means. Obviously, government is trying to avoid knowing the fact. Somehow, people have provided a rough estimate on the vacancy rate. They are using how many electric meters that have no readings for 6 months as an indicator of vacancy rate. Overall, we got a number of 65. 4 million apartments. It is estimated that the vacancy rate is as high as 36%. With such a high vacancy rate, people are wondering how large the real estate bubble in China will be. James S. Chanos, one of the first foresee the collapse of Enron and earn large profit from hedge fund, gave the answer, it will be Dubai times 1000. A growing number of economists and hedge funds managers have been believed that Chinese economy is a big bubble. Others argue that China is definitely not a bubble, the development is real. There is overheating in some area, but infrastructure construction is still necessary to a country like China with such a huge population. Still, a lot people live in area without roads. The demand of properties is still more than the supply of apartments, due to the urbanization and economic growth. You read "Real Estate Bubble in China: the Present and the Future" in category "Essay examples" The pent up demand from city dwellers for better living condition, in the future, will convert to real development in economy. Even in 2009, when residential property prices enjoy a high fluctuation, the construction area has increased by 40. 7%, largely due to the central government‘s stimulus financial package. Figure 4 Section III , What are the forces that push up the price? In China, it is more than market demand and supply that determine the price . Local government, individual investors, and central banks are also involved, which make the issue more complicated. Recent years’ increase in property price has created an impression that real estate market will keep growing in the future. Unfortunately, this is also the belief in the U.  S. real estate market which, ultimately, results in economic recession. Thus, almost everybody bet on the future of real estate market. In this section, I will analyze both the market reasons and social factors that contribute to present situation in China. In terms of market demand, the demand for property comes from two kinds of groups. One is from the new migrants from rural places in China. Another is from local residences who want better living condition. Due to the urbanization process and economic growth in recent years, the demand will increase in the long term. This has been part of the reason why investors bet on the market growth. At the same time, governments and real estate developers have made an effort to supply enough apartments to meet the increasing demand. According to Macroeconomic principle , it seems that these have been enough to explain the fact. In an emerging country, political issues are unavoidable in any sense. Land sales have become an essential resource of local government’s revenue which means high property price shares the burden of high land-use right. In China, people don’t buy land instead they are renting land for a certain amount of time. Normally, it is 70 years. In this sense, you are renting the land or buy the right to use the land for 70 years. Because of the conflict of interest, local governments are not enthusiastic in applying the central government’s price control policies. In order to facilitate the transaction, local governments even requires very low upfront. Question concerning this will be further mentioned in the next part. It has shown that in Beijing and Hangzhou, land sales have accounted for more than 30% of tax revenue. Thus , local authority has less incentive to tackle the problem. Only average home buyers bear the cost of high property price. Individual investors and state-owned companies made things worse as well. Since state-owned companies normally have much solid financial foundations than private companies, they are more likely to win the land sales bid. It was shown in Beijing that 82 % of land auctions are won by SOEs. These large firms are owned by central government, so in turn, if SOEs didn’t win the auction or real estate market suffer a big crisis , both the SOEs and central authority will be affected. This has encourage local government to cooperate with SOEs. For individuals, they store apartments, waiting for a moment when real estate price goes even higher. Earning quick money is all their purpose. High vacancy rate can explain the situation. Section IV, How Real Estate bubble will affect China’s economy? Unlike other industries, real estate industry affects not only the industry itself but also social safety, political stability and financial stability in China. There are mainly two types of risk that will threaten the development of China’s economy, namely, loose mortgage policy for individuals and corporate. Mortgage loans are relatively new to Chinese residence. Most people pay cash to buy property instead of real estate loans. However, it grows almost 50% per year. The proportion of mortgage loans in nominal GDP has increased by 5 % in just one year. When big fluctuation of property price happens, it is likely that majority of property owners’ benefit will be affected from two perspectives. First of all, it will mean the shrink of the value of lifetime saving. As property is the largest investment of most families, the decline of price is also the shrink of their wealth. Secondly, households will become more conservative in investing in the future. People will spend less money on consumption and put more money into banks instead. On the other hand, individual and corporate mortgage loans will also pose a threat to the banking system. For individuals, mortgage loans are relatively new. Chinese used to pay cash for their properties. Nowadays, mortgage loans have enjoyed a 50% increase in just one year. When property price declines, the majority of loan owners will have difficulty in paying the mortgage. When it comes in a large scale, private banks can go bankrupt. Due to some negotiation between different groups, real estate developers don’t need to pay the full amount of bidding price, instead they only need to pay a small portion to get the right to use the land. To be specific, if a firm wins a bid which worth 5 billion RMB, only one-tenth of the full amount need to be paid initially. What‘s more, firm can get a loan from banks by using the land as a collateral at the amount of 2. 5 billion. It is clear that firms don’t take as much risk as we thought and they can use the extra money to invest in biding for more land. Whenever there is market fluctuation or crisis, these firms and banks will definitely have a difficult time. Conclusion: Opinion diverts in interpreting overheating in construction industry. Some believe that China has a real estate bubble and it will burst soon. Others disagree, thinking this is an exaggeration of the problem of overheating investment in real estate industry in some areas. Personally, with the evidence mentioned above, real estate bubble does exist in China. However, the real demand is there as well. Most of the problems come from over investment in some areas. Resource misallocation leads to the unreasonable increase in property value. More market liberalization and less state-owned companies compete in the industry will help solve the problem. The importance of property even relates to marriage. There is an article in New York Times, titled† In China, Money can buy Love†. Owning a property has become the condition for marrying to somebody. If property price jumps dramatically, not only the economy will be affected, but also social well-being. How to cite Real Estate Bubble in China: the Present and the Future, Essay examples

Issues in Contemporary Heritage-Free-Samples Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Issues in Conteporary Heritage. Answer: Heritage, place and community Bibliographical information Author: Bella Dicks Publication date was December 2000 Publisher: Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru, University of Wales Press Cardiff Length: 303 pages Subject: History/Social History. Heritage, Place and Community deals with the story of Rhondda Heritage Park which is situated on the site of the Lewis Mertheyr Colliery, Rhondda, South Wales. This book through the case study of Rhondda Heritage Park shows the Welsh heritage and the relationship it shares with culture, society and economy of the place. This book is not just a story of Rhondda Heritage Park it is a story of the local and regional history in the middle of heritage controversy (Carrus et al. 2013). According to Dicks, in the early 1980s the economic condition of the place was not good, there was unemployment and the place was socially excluded. There was a need for a new economy that forms basis on tourism. Therefore, it was decided that Lewis Merthyr Colliery, which was shut down in the year 1983, was required to be converted into a heritage site. The local community was worried that with the establishment of heritage site in Lewis Mertheyr colliery might replace the proper jobs by casual and menial job. The local authorities who were encouraged by political parties interrupted the project for establishment of Rhondda Heritage site. People who were supporting the museum went against the local authorities who were not much interested in the idea. It was not possible to build a cooperative relation between the history of welsh and entrepreneurial culture of the Welsh development agency, apart from that the usual ignorance of the tourist board of Wales made the project version sm aller than originally planned. Therefore, there were very less visitors and hence failed to put an effective and positive impact on the economy of Rhondda (Dicks 2015). According to Dicks, the early momentum for the establishment came from the local people and the ex-miners that once worked in the Lewis Mertheyr Colliery they wanted to preserve the mining heritage and the history of that place so they were keen on the idea of heritage museum. The Welsh Development agency though does not think that the project would be beneficial for the community because it would not be able to generate revenue that has been intended. Even after so much of conflicts, in 1990 with low funds a small heritage museum was made which used to generate a very low income (Dicks 2000). The heritage project that was discussed in this case study finally succeeded in putting itself in the history. The heritage park is much more capable in preserving the heritage of the place. Dicks explains that mining heritage of Metheryr can be preserved by making a heritage park because it is closer to the local community than the museum. The interference of outsiders marginalized the involvement and participation of the local community that caused a lot of conflict that initially while the project of museum was launched. The heritage of any place represents the people of the community (Hoang, Brown and Kim 2015). Heritage of any place is an identity of the local community, critics however think that these are mere pretensions and heritage of any place is often used for entrepreneurial gains. In her work, Bella Dicks through the case of Rhondda Heritage Park contradicts all the criticisms, the case study shows how Rhondda Heritage Park has successfully preserved the heritage of Mertheryr colliery and shows the story of the miners that once worked there (Alexander et al. 2016). Smith, L., 2006.Uses of heritage. Routledge Laurajane Smith opens her book with the line There is, really, no such thing as heritage (pg. 11). In the context of the disappearance of heritage in the repair agenda of Australia, which focuses on water, climate and environmental repair, the above sentence of Smith is appropriate. The book illustrates that heritage has different meanings to different people; it is a procedure that explains the cultural meanings and values among the societies. The author has outlined her thesis on the thought that, heritage is not defined by specific values and meanings, rather it is an inherently political and discordant action performing the functions of the present, than that of the past (Dillmann et al. 2014). In the first chapter, the author has focused on the development of authorized heritage discourse (AHD). According to Smith, the uses of heritage are mostly connected with power relations. In the early age, the powerful people have defined the norms of the culture and that has become heritage over time. Hence, heritage is perceived as the common inheritance and lineage of the nation. Smith pointed out that various gestures towards minority history and multiculturalism are still unchanged, upon which the concept of heritage is based (Wells 2017). The author has focused on the conceptualization of heritage and its difference from the approach of communication process in chapter 2. The chapter addresses heritage as a cultural procedures, influenced by experience, memory, intangibility, place, performance, identity, dissonance etc. She says that the idea of heritage should be perceived as a dynamic process, which outlines the what resources and how they should be valued for disagreements and conflicts and this process is shaped from the notions of the past. In this context, the author has given an example of the Waanyi women in the Northern Queensland in Australia. She cited that the past experiences and culture, and not the historical place itself, have determined the way of living of the women. This says that heritage is a relational concept (Smith and Waterton 2013). In chapter 3, 4 and 5, the discourse of the UNESCO and ICOMOS in Australia, the interviews of the visitors to the English county houses, and interviews of the stakeholders of the management of Australias Riversleigh World Heritage paleontological site are discussed. The detailed analysis of heritage conservation has been focused in these chapters. Smith has discussed the views of the visitors to the English industrial museums, the ethnographic and interviews of the people in Castleford, West Yorkshire in chapters 6 and 7, and in chapter 8 she illustrated the way that the indigenous people of Australia and US use heritage as cultural process. These sections have demonstrated the way people use heritage to negotiate the identities and values to reinstate their position in their communities (Smith and Campbell 2015). The author has also focused on various charters, such as, the Burra charter, and discussed the significance of those. Smith also found out that the authorized heritage discourse hindered the progress of change. Along with these, the author has portrayed examples and surveys to dissect various aspects of heritage and its influence on the culture (Han 2015). According to Smith, Messenger and Soderland (2017), Smith has presented a well researched document with various examples. She concluded the book with the notion that AHD is the method of cultural change and asserting, negotiating and affirming identities (pg. 300). The book offers many insights on the various aspects of the uses of heritage as a dynamic, cultural, social and political process to explain identities of people. However, it does not focus on any archeological analysis. Smith critically analyzed the present structure of heritage but did not state the ways to resolve the problems. References Alexander, M., Alexander, M., Hamilton, K. and Hamilton, K., 2016. Recapturing place identification through community heritage marketing.European Journal of Marketing,50(7/8), pp.1118-1136. Carrus, G., Scopelliti, M., Fornara, F., Bonnes, M. and Bonaiuto, M., 2013.Place attachment, community identification, and pro-environmental engagement(pp. 154-164). Routledge: New York, NY, USA. Dicks, B., 2000.Heritage, place and community. University of Wales Press. Dicks, B., 2015. Heritage, Governance and Marketization: a case-study from Wales.museum and society,1(1), pp.30-44. Dillmann, P., Beranger, G., Piccardo, P. and Matthiessen, H., 2014.Corrosion of metallic heritage artefacts: investigation, conservation and prediction of long term behaviour(Vol. 48). Elsevier. Han, C., 2015. How to do critical discourse analysis: A multimodal introduction. Hoang, T.D., Brown, G. and Kim, A.K., 2015. An exploratory study of place attachment from a community perspective in a World Heritage tourist context.Authors Title Page, p.129. Smith, G.S., Messenger, P.M. and Soderland, H.A. eds., 2017.Heritage values in contemporary society. Routledge. Smith, L. and Campbell, G., 2015. The Elephant in the Room.A companion to heritage studies, pp.443-460. Smith, L. and Waterton, E., 2013.Heritage, communities and archaeology. AC Black. Wells, J.C., 2017. Conserving and managing ancient monuments: heritage, democracy, and inclusion.

31 Fun Pipe Cleaner Crafts for Kids

31 Fun Pipe Cleaner Crafts for Kids SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Pipe cleaner crafts are one of the easiest and most fun types of crafts to do with children. In this guide, we’ve compiled 31 of the best pipe cleaner crafts for kids. They range from crafts that take only a few minutes and can be done by very young children, to crafts that are a little more involved but will produce toys that’ll last for many hours of play. For each of these easy pipe cleaner crafts, we include a description of the craft, a link to more detailed instructions, the difficulty level (easy, medium, or hard), and the materials needed. (Note that crafts labelled as â€Å"hard† are still absolutely doable; they will just likely require more adult help to complete.)These pipe cleaner crafts range from animals to jewelry to science experiments, and they can be done by children of a variety of ages. One tip before you get started: many of these crafts suggest you use white craft glue to get the pipe cleaners to stick to each other or other craft supplies like paper, plastic, etc. Craft glue usually isn’t strong enough for this, and the crafts often fall apart after a few hours. When gluing something to pipe cleaners or gluing pipe cleaners to another object, we recommend using a hot glue gun instead. Feature image source: Flickr/Nicole #1: Chameleon Difficulty Level: Medium These cute pipe cleaner chameleons are made by wrapping green pipe cleaners around a marker to make basic body and head shapes, then legs and eyes are added. The eyes can either be made by creating two small circles with pieces of orange pipe cleaner or (more simply) gluing on googly eyes. Materials Needed: PIpe cleaners (green, orange, and red suggested) Marker Felt Scissors Hot glue gun Googly eyes (optional) #2: Seashore Crabs Difficulty Level: Medium This crab pipe cleaner craft is a great way to use some seashells you picked up from the beach. You’ll paint a shell that’ll be used as the body, then bend and attach pipe cleaners to act as the legs and claws. Add two googly eyes and your crab is set. Materials Needed: Pipe cleaners (red or blue suggested) Small seashells Craft paint Googly eyes Hot glue gun #3: Finger Puppets Difficulty Level: Easy An easy pipe cleaner craft for younger kids, pipe cleaner finger puppets can be made in less than 10 minutes. Just take a pipe cleaner, wrap it tightly around your child’s finger or your pinky finger to make the body, adding loops for ears or arms if you like. Then, pull the pipe cleaner off your finger, glue the pom pom to where you want the head to be, and add some eyes. Materials Needed: Pipe cleaners (any color) Googly eyes Hot glue gun Pom poms #4: Crocodile Difficulty Level: Medium For these pipe cleaner crocodiles, you’ll wrap pipe cleaners around craft sticks to create the animal’s body. The craft stick makes these crocs sturdier than many other pipe cleaner crafts, so they’re easier to play with without damaging them. Materials Needed: Pipe cleaners (green color suggested) Popsicle/craft sticks, colored green Small googly eyes Black markers Hot glue gun Zig zag scissors White paper #5: Spring Flowers Difficulty Level: Medium Pipe cleaner flowers are a great craft if you’re looking for something less messy than planting regular flowers. The link includes instructions on how to make tulips, daffodils, and hyacinths. These flowers can also be â€Å"potted† in little flower pots as a cute way to display them. Materials Needed: Pipe cleaners (variety of colors, including green) Pencil Scissors Ruler Hot glue gun Small flower pots (optional) Floral foam (optional) #6: Bracelets Difficulty Level: Easy Pipe cleaner bracelets are super easy to make, and if you have lots of colors of pipe cleaners, you can make yourself a whole collection of rainbow-colored jewelry. To make the bracelets, just twist two colors of pipe cleaners together, or you can braid several colors together. Materials Needed: Pipe cleaners (any color) Scissors #7: Coffee Filter Butterflies Difficulty Level: Easy If you’re looking for a craft that includes both painting and pipe cleaners, check out these coffee filter butterflies. The wings are made out of painted coffee filters, while the body and antennae are made from pipe cleaners. This is a great craft for younger kids to get creative painting their butterfly’s wings. Materials Needed: Pipe cleaners (any color) Coffee filters Watercolor paints and brush Hot glue gun Scissors #8: Plastic Egg Bugs Difficulty Level: Easy These plastic egg bugs are a cute pipe cleaner craft to do around Easter or anytime you have some plastic eggs around. The plastic egg (decorated with permanent marker if you wish) will be the body, and pipe cleaners will be the bug’s legs and antennae. Materials Needed: Pipe cleaners (any color) Plastic eggs Googly eyes Hot glue gun Permanent marker Scissors #9: Bead People Difficulty Level: Hard For this bead people pipe cleaner craft, you’ll create the â€Å"skeleton† of the body with pipe cleaners, then string beads along them. It can be a bit tricky to figure out the best way to get the beads on at first, but after a little practice you’ll have a bendable bead person to play with. Materials Needed: Pipe cleaners (any color) Wooden or plastic beads Scissors #10: Christmas Trees Difficulty Level: Easy Pipe cleaner Christmas trees are one of the quickest pipe cleaner Christmas crafts. Just zigzag a pipe cleaner to form the shape of a tree, add a gold star on top, and you have a pipe cleaner Christmas tree that can be glued to a card or displayed on its own. Materials Needed: Pipe cleaners (green color suggested) Cardstock or paper Gold star stickers Glue Glitter (optional) #: Bendable Monkey Difficulty Level: Medium These bendable monkeysare really fun for kids to play with and can be hung off the backs of chairs or on a finger. The body of the monkey is made out of paper, while pipe cleaners make the bendable arms and legs. Kids can draw the monkey’s face on with crayons or markers. Materials Needed: Pipe cleaners (brown or black colors suggested) Two shades of brown paper Hot glue gun Markers Scissors #12: Rainbow Difficulty Level: Easy This rainbow pipe cleaner craft is an easy way to teach kids about the different colors of the rainbow and have them create one of their own. Just grab one pipe cleaner for each color that you need, bend them in a bow shape, add some fluffy cotton ball clouds, and either leave it as is or attach it to thick paper or floral foam. Materials Needed: Pipe cleaners (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple colors) Cotton balls Glue Floral foam (optional) #13: Jellyfish Difficulty Level: Medium Kids will love the long, wiggly tentacles of pipe cleaner jellyfish. Use half a painted foam ball to form the body of the jellyfish, then wrap several pipe cleaners around pencils or another object with a long, thin stick shape. Pull the pipe cleaners off, stretch them out a bit, attach them to the flat side of the foam ball hemisphere, and decorate your jellyfish. Materials Needed: Pipe cleaners (any color) 2  ½ inch styrofoam balls Knife for cutting styrofoam balls Paint Ruler Hot glue gun String Googly eyes Toothpick #14: Bookmarks Difficulty Level: Easy These fun pipe cleaner bookmarks are an easy way to get kids more excited about reading. Have the kids wrap, bend, and twirl the pipe cleaners to any shape they want, add googly eyes, and glue their creation onto a paper clip to create an easy and creative bookmark. Materials Needed: Pipe cleaners (any color) Colorful paper clips Googly eyes Hot glue gun Scissors Thin stick to wrap pipe cleaners around #15: Egg Carton Spy Glasses Difficulty Level: Medium With just some egg cups cut from an egg carton, pipe cleaners, and your choice of decorations, you can help your child create a pair of their very own secret â€Å"spy glasses.† The egg cups form the lens, and the pipe cleaners are the arms that go around your ears. Paint and beads make this a creative craft project. Materials Needed: Pipe cleaners (any color) Cardboard egg carton Plastic beads Craft paint Scissors Hot glue gun Toothpick #16: Ninjas Difficulty Level: Hard If your kids love ninjas or any other action figures, they’ll love pipe cleaner ninjas. The â€Å"skeleton† of the ninja is made out of pipe cleaners, which you’ll then put pieces of plastic straws over to create a body. A wooden bead will be the head, and you can add additional decorations to create fully bendable ninjas. Materials Needed: Pipe cleaners (any color) Colored drinking straws Scissors Wooden beads for the heads Plastic beads How glue gun Permanent marker #17: Snakes Difficulty Level: Easy By twisting two colors of pipe cleaners together, adding eyes and a tiny red tongue, you can quickly make a pipe cleaner snake. You can even turn this into a biology lesson and have kids look at pictures of different snakes and choose pipe cleaner colors to match a specific snake species. Materials Needed: Pipe cleaners (at least 2 colors) Small googly eyes Hot glue gun Red felt Scissors #18: Fall Fairies Difficulty Level: Hard These pipe cleaner fairies are a great craft to do during the fall, when you can use colorful leaves that have fallen to make fairy wings. Pipe cleaners and beads make the fairy’s body, yarn is used for the hair, and leaves (either real or fake) are stacked to create a colorful skirt. Materials Needed: Pipe cleaners (any color) Yarn Marker Scissors Leaves (fake or real) Wooden bead for head Plastic beads Hot glue gun #19: Christmas Wreath Difficulty Level: Easy These Christmas wreaths are another example of easy pipe cleaner Christmas crafts. You can also bows and small beads to the wreaths for additional decorations, and if you can find pipe cleaners with sparkles that will make them even more festive. Materials Needed: Pipe cleaners (red, white, and green suggested) Pencil to wrap pipe cleaner around. Small beads (optional) #20: Spider Difficulty Level: Medium Spiders are a classic pipe cleaner craft, and kids will love making the eight legs for their pipe cleaner spider. Although you can make the spiders with just pipe cleaners, you can also add pom poms, eyes, and beads for additional decoration (or paint if you want to make it clearly a garden spider or camel spider!). You can also make the pipe cleaner spider as an easy and slightly spooky Halloween decoration. Materials Needed: Pipe cleaners (black or brown suggested) Scissors Googly eyes (optional) Plastic beads (optional) Pom poms (optional) #21: Clothespin Dragonflies Difficulty Level: Easy When you make these cute dragonflies, you’ll use a clothespin for the body, then form the wings with four pipe cleaners to form the wings. Kids can get creative by painting the clothespin to make a colorful dragonfly and adding some googly eyes. Materials Needed: Pipe cleaners (any color) Clothespins Googly eyes Hot glue gun Paint Scissors #22: Crown/Tiara Difficulty Level: Medium Whether it’s your child’s birthday or they just want the fun of feeling like royalty, these pipe cleaner crowns will do the trick. After forming a circle for the base, add a variety of shapes formed from additional pipe cleaners to make your crown (triangles work particularly well). Materials Needed: Pipe cleaners (gold suggested) Hot glue gun Scissors Beads, stickers, or pom poms for decoration #23: Pumpkins Difficulty Level: Easy These pipe cleaner pumpkins are a great craft for kids to do around Halloween. Orange pipe cleaners are used to make the actual pumpkin, and you can use green and brown pipe cleaners to form the leaves and stem. Materials Needed: Pipe cleaners (orange, green, and brown suggested) Scissors #24: Flamingo Difficulty Level: Medium If you have pink pipe cleaners lying around, use a few to make these cute pipe cleaner flamingos. Pink feathers will make them look more realistic, and you can pose the legs in a variety of shapes, just like actual flamingos do. Materials Needed: Pipe cleaners (pink and black suggested) Pink feathers Googly Eyes Hot glue gun Scissors #25: Dragons Difficulty Level: Medium These pipe cleaner dragons are fairly easy to make (although younger kids may need some help making the tight coils for the head and body), and once you add on some foam wings, they’ll be flying in no time. Materials Needed: Pipe cleaners (any color) Craft foam Popsicle sticks Googly eyes Hot glue gun Scissors #26: Fireworks Difficulty Level: Easy Pipe cleaner fireworks are a colorful and easy way to celebrate the 4th of July. This craft uses glitter and can get messy, but kids will love dipping their fireworks into a batch of glitter and seeing them emerge covered in sparkles. Materials Needed: Pipe cleaners (red, white, and blue suggested) White craft glue Glitter Scissors Thick sponge (for drying) #27: Magic Wand Difficulty Level: Easy Any child who wants to pretend to be a magician or fairy will want to make this pipe cleaner magic wand. By using a wooden skewer as the actual wand, kids can add all sorts of pipe cleaner additions, like those made into the shape of stars and hearts, until their wand is ready to work some magic. Materials Needed: Pipe cleaners (any color) Wooden skewer Hot glue gun Scissors #28: Snowman Difficulty Level: Easy Another great winter craft, these pipe cleaner snowmen are great to make once it starts getting cold outside and kids start looking forward to snow. After making the three circles of the body, you can use different colors to add a scarf and hat to your snowman. Materials Needed: Pipe cleaners (white, black, and red suggested) Popsicle stick/wooden skewer Hot glue gun Scissors #29: Shamrock Crystals Difficulty Level: Hard This pipe cleaner craft is a bit more involved than the others, but it doubles as a science experiment, and the shamrock crystals will look beautiful hanging in the window. After forming the pipe cleaners into a shamrock, you’ll submerge them in a borax solution overnight. The next morning, they’ll be covered in crystals and ready to display. Materials Needed: Pipe cleaners (green and white suggested) Borax Boiling water Mason jars String or yarn Pencil Food coloring #30: Fall Pom Pom Tree Difficulty Level: Hard This fall pom pom tree makes a great centerpiece for a Thanksgiving dinner, and kids can work on their fine motor skills by adding decorations to the pipe cleaner tree. You can have your kids go on a nature walk and collect their own acorns, leaves, etc. to add to the tree. Materials Needed: Pipe cleaners (brown, red, orange, and yellow suggested) Pom poms (red, orange, yellow suggested) Acorns, leaves, and other tree decorations Scissors Hot glue gun #31: Lion Mask Difficulty Level: Medium For this lion mask, tightly-curled pipe cleaners make the adorable mane, and a decorated paper plate is used for the lion’s face. This mask is great to use during a play about animals or a game of make-believe. Materials Needed: Pipe cleaners (yellow/orange and brown suggested) Paper plate Yellow paint Paint stirrer Marker Hot glue gun Scissors Summary: Crafts With Pipe Cleaners Pipe cleaner crafts are a cheap, easy, and fun way to entertain kids and get them to work on their creativity and fine motor skills. There are easy pipe cleaner crafts for kids of all age groups and of all difficulty levels, so whether you have only a few minutes or several hours to spend, you can find pipe cleaner crafts to suit your needs. What's Next? Are you also interested in science experiments for kids? Read our guide to see 37 of the most fun science experiments you can do with children. (coming soon) Teaching your kids Spanish, or are you learning yourself? We have a guide to the 71 body parts in Spanish you need to know. Want to learn more about clouds? Learn how to identify every cloud in the sky with our guide to the 10 types of clouds.

Tips on job hunting with a disability

Tips on job hunting with a disability Having a disability can be a challenge, but it shouldn’t prevent you from achieving your career goals. In additional to laws designed to protect individuals with disabilities from discrimination in the workplace, there are a variety of strategies that you can employ to your advantage when job hunting or while on the job- and knowing your rights is a powerful tool. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)  is a key set of federal laws; its purpose is to prevent discrimination against people who have a disability and to guarantee equal employment opportunities for individuals with a disability. This includes issues involving hiring, firing, promotions, pay, and benefits. In addition, if you require certain accommodations in order to effectively perform the responsibilities of your job, your employer may be legally required to provide these accommodations without any undue burden to you. These protections span all industries across the public and private sector, including priv ate business, employment agencies, educational institutions, local and state government entities, and labor organizations.If you’d like to learn more about your rights under the Americans with Disabilities Act, we recommend that you visit the official website at ADA.gov. If you feel as if you’ve been unfairly discriminated against, there’s also a wealth of information available here for how to protect your rights and file a charge, if needed.Job hunting can be challenging in even the best of circumstances- in addition to the constant stress and anxiety of countless interviews and emails, there’s the endless waiting for responses and cycle of excitement and disappointment that inevitably follows. If you have a disability, it could add extra hurdles to an already challenging situation. Use the following tips to help you successfully navigate your job hunt and ensure that nothing stands in the way between you and your next great job opportunity.Only share wh at makes you comfortable.There’s no reason for you to feel pressure to fully disclose your disability unless you feel like doing so, or if there’s an issue that needs to be addressed (like if you need to climb stairs to get to your interview but can’t, for example). Remember, your rights are protected under the ADA, and just like anyone else you’re under no obligation to disclose your complete medical history during an interview; furthermore, it shouldn’t be used as a factor to make a hiring decision.That said, some people freely choose to bring up their situation on interviews and assert the notion that their disability will in no way prevent them from performing the tasks associated with the job. How you handle this is totally your call.Focus on what you can do.Whenever you’re trying to convince a hiring manager or HR professional that you’d be a valuable addition to their team, you want to make sure that you make it clear what you offer as a prospective employee- including your skill set, experience, and prior accomplishments. Although you might have a disability, the focus of any job interview you go on should be what you can do, even if it requires you to overcome an obstacle or utilize some additional accommodation.Your goal here is the same as any prospective job applicant- to convince the interviewer that you can figure out an effective way to handle every responsibility of the job. Remember, those with a confident, â€Å"can do† attitude in the face of any and all challenges are much more likely to get hired than those who go out of their way to demonstrate that they’re not up to the tasks required of the position.Demonstrate your value.You may feel additional pressure to show that you’re more than up to handling the tasks associated with the job you’re going after, despite your disability. If this is the case, you can alleviate your anxiety by making sure that every aspect o f your job hunting game is razor sharp. Start with a cover letter and resume that really sell yourself and get readers intrigued to learn more about you. Then follow up with a stellar interview approach- from what you wear, to your body language (project confidence!) and how capably you field the questions posed to you. The key is to sell yourself as the best possible candidate for the position, regardless of any disability you may possess. Bottom line: try your best to make yourself the obvious choice for the position because of all the great things you bring to the table, disability or not.Know your rights.Although we’ve briefly covered your rights under the Americans with Disabilities Act, there are a host of available websites to help you fully understand your rights, both as an employee and as a prospective one while you’re on the job hunt. The following are a few helpful resources:United States Department of LaborJob Accommodation NetworkADA NetworkS. Equal Emplo yment Opportunity CommissionEnable AmericaEvery person has the right to be a productive member of the work world and achieve career fulfillment and success. If you’re an individual with a disability or know someone with a disability, consider using the tips presented here to get informed and empowered regarding workplace rights.

18 to 20 Page Research Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

18 to 20 Page Research Proposal - Essay Example Dropping out Ð ¾f Ã'•chool limitÃ'• oneÃ'• choiceÃ'• Ð °nd labor market advantageÃ'• in an increaÃ'•ingly Ã'•ophiÃ'•ticated economic Ð °nd Ã'•ocial climate; thuÃ'•, an incomplete high school education engenders grave conÃ'•equenceÃ'• for thÐ µ individual Ð °nd Ã'•ociety in termÃ'• Ð ¾f economic impact Ð °nd future productivity (Ð…trothÐ µr, 2006). These negative impacts of dropout rates are heightened when students with special needs are in question because they have disabilities that already act as a handicap when they try to embark on a career. Furthermore, the dropout rates of special education students triple that of ordinary students (Blackorby and Wagner, 2006; deBettencourt, Zigmond and Thornton, 2005). This makes the issue of the high dropout rates of special education students more pressing. That is why it is highly important for the causes and reasons for special education students dropping out of high school to be examined. Sadly, it is only in the recent years that awareness for the drop out rates of special education students have arisen. This is because â€Å"students with disabilities are included in the â€Å"all students† agenda of federal, state, and district standards-based reforms† through the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (Thurlow, Sinclair and Johnson, 2002). Furthermore, studies that have been conducted that present usable data related to students with disabilities that can be adapted to the present times are very few compared to studies of drop out rates of regular students (Lehr, et al., 2004, p. 13). The fact that special education students â€Å"have been identified as being among the lowest performing students on current high-stakes tests† shows the urgency of the need f or programs that can help them stay in school and graduate. This is the primary reason why there is a need to closely examine the top reasons why special education students drop

Politics course work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Politics course work - Essay Example The Prime Minster basically looks upon the policies that have been formulated by various members, such as the minister of transportation or minister of defense, and he decides what should be sent to the House of Commons to be presented as a bill, or if a draft should be passed or not. Election took place in the UK in May 2010 and it was between the Conservatives, headed by David Cameron, Labour headed by Gordon Brown, and Liberal democrats headed by Nick Clegg. This was the first time that all three candidates, none of the leaders had led a general election campaign. In 2010 after the election in which the conservative party emerged victorious, there arrived a situation in which conservatives were not of an overall majority. It needed twenty seats to form an overall majority (General Election 2010: the top 20 Conservative target seats, 2010), thus it resulted in hung parliament and so there were talks of a coalition government. (Election 2010: First hung parliament in UK for decades, 2010) After Gordon Brown’s resignation following the humiliating defeat in the elections (Gordon Brown resigns, 2010), Queen Elizabeth invited David Cameron to form a government. since he was already short of twenty-two seats he decided to form a coalition government with the Liberal Democrats. the reason behind David Cameron opting to form a coalition government with Conservatives was the manifesto of the conservatives, which was extremely anti ­-labour. Here the role of liberal democrats was extremely important since it did not agree with both the parties on a majority of issues; it was in a catch-22 situation as to with whom they shall form the government. After the invitation by Queen to David Cameron to form the government, there were coalition talks between Liberal democrats and conservatives as to what shall be the strategy to form the government or if they should just go ahead forming a hung parliament. The problems of forming a coalition government with the conser vatives were regarding their manifesto. If they formed a coalition with the Liberal Democrats they will not be able to fulfill their party manifesto. But at this point in time they had no choice because if they became part of a hung parliament, every other resolution would be vetoed by a joint action of labour and liberal democrats. And if they formed a coalition government with liberal democrats, they would have to follow a policy of give some and take some. The coalition dialogue took a total of five days and in the end David Cameron came out and successfully announced that the coalition talks have been â€Å"overwhelmingly approved†. Both the coalition parties agreed on the basic 11 principles on which they would act in one voice and there shall be no compromise on the following issues (Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition deal, 2010): - 1. Deficit Reduction The deficit would be reduced and a total of 6 billion pounds worth of cuts would be made to decrease the budget d eficit. 2. Spending Review - NHS, Schools and a Fairer Society National Health Service would be looked into to increase the benefits it gives to the people who need them the most, as well as a review of the replacement of the trident system for the British defense (Trident replacement decision 'after 2015 elections', 2010). This

Henry Kissinger supported a anti-Soviet, Sino-American Alliance Research Paper

Henry Kissinger supported a anti-Soviet, Sino-American Alliance - Research Paper Example America was at war with the Vietnamese. His initial advisor as well as Gerald Ford’s Secretary of State, Henry Kissinger purported to redesign the international system architecture with view of cementing the role of America as the swivel of the worldwide power balance by initiating a â€Å"Triangular Diplomacy†. Scholars Richard Thornton, Lei Tong, and Chun Yen argue that Kissinger did seek a tacit Sino-American Alliance because; they all agree that, when Nixon opened for China with the intention of employing her as counterweight to the Soviet Union with a context of exiting Vietnam, Mao Zedong shifted to the American sphere ideally as part of anti-soviet alliancei. However, when Nixon faltered, Henry Kissinger twisted the American stratagem away from containment towards searching for a detente with Moscow. This downturn bred unstable relations between the U.S. and China. On one side, Mao shifted the Chinese strategy due to the American strategy turn by faltering but De ng replaced him. As Kissinger continued pursuing detente with Moscow, Xiaoping Deng started playing Washington off Moscow on the other side. From 1974 to the collapse of Soviet Union in 1991, Deng resolved whenever feasible to be at the center stage between the United States and the Soviet Unionii. The robust reason showing Kissinger’s tacit search for a Sino-American alliance is bargain between Ronald Reagan and Deng Xiaoping. Reagan thought by settling the Taiwan issues with Deng would ease the tension between the U.S. and China however, even though it held his administration through, it failed. As a result, the Secretary of State George Schultz resolved back to Kissinger’s detente strategy with Moscow depicting that Kissinger did seek a Sino-American Alliance. According to political analysts, detente is a word referring to reduction of tension between the United States and the Soviet Union that took place in three decades ago and lasted for roughly ten years. During this decade, there was an opportunity to hold talks, which resulted to agreements that tried to frontier the race of nuclear arms and established meaningful links such as the Iron Curtain. Henry Kissinger supported an anti-soviet Sino-American Alliance because, the United Sates perceived the monolithic Sino-Soviet bloc between the Soviet Union and China as a threat since the latter were great communist allies during the 1950s. In the 1960’s, there was a Cuban Missile Crisis that led to detente between the United States and the Soviet Unioniii. Apparently, it caused China sleepless nights as she worried about a possible Soviet-American rapprochement. On the other end, the Soviet leaders became apprehensive of Sino-American Alliance strength since the Americans and the Chinese had good relationship in the 1970s. According to Chun Yen, a number of options for superpowers such as the United States, China, and the Soviet Union existed in seeking safety measures in global affairs. For instance, they could increase military power beyond that of their adversaries, declare nuclear neutrality, and form military alliances with other nations. The Peoples Republic of China and the United States resolved to option three since they knew nations will seek military alliance and as a result, the world will achieve balance of power. Nevertheless, Kissinger supported an anti-Soviet Sino-American bloc because he knew if President Nixon declared the U.S-China tensions bygones it would put more

Is Representative Democracy Really Democratic?

Is Representative Democracy Really Democratic? Introduction â€Å"You have two cows. All your neighbours pick someone to decide who gets the milk.† ^This running joke on Representative Democracy that captures it in one line got me thinking about Representative Democracy and the Social Justice Issue associated with it. Structure of the Paper This paper talks about Representative Democracy as the bigger ambit and concentrates on Electoral Democracy as its basic premise leading to injustice and makes Policy Recommendations by suggesting a model that makes the Policy Framing Process more inclusive, more just and more collectively as well as individually fair. My argument building starts by showing how Representative Democracy (Feature: Electoral Democracy) chooses Collective Justice over Individual Justice by following the Majority Rule and is not really representative. I would further through statistics show that in a country like India; the Collective Justice doesn’t remain Collective as the Majority isn’t real, which basically implies that the premise of majority that Democracy starts with, is in itself not adhered to. Violation of Individual Justice At its most fundamental incarnation, Representative Democracy is synonymous with Majority Rule. It’s a system of governance in which people choose their leaders by casting votes, giving rise to the usage of the term ‘Electoral Democracy.’ Theoretical-Practical Paradox: Theoretically, Electoral Democracy as a feature of Representative Democracy implies people within the country decide who will govern them. However, in reality, the existence of limited choice and the illusion of complete choice makes electoral democracy restrictive and non-representative in the truest sense. The voters have to pick their representatives from a subset of people, who are usually the ones with enough financial or political backing. This makes electoral democracy unjust, for the individual, as individuals are not really free to choose, they are only free to choose from the given choices. The Right to Rejection[i] passed by the Supreme Court of India in September’13, even though gives voters a â€Å"none of the above choice† that is the right to record disapproval of candidates, makes no provision yet to count the â€Å"rejection† votes. Therefore, this move is in reality, only symbolic and will not impact the results of the elections. The Right to Rejection, as it stands, does little to help individuals from being governed by the ones they don’t want to be governed by. Tyranny of the Collective Furthermore, where Electoral Democracy loses its representative character and violates Individual Justice in favour of Collective justice is its basic premise, the rule of the majority. In India, it has been noted there has been a declining margin of victory. The average margin of victory in a parliamentary constituency between 1962 and 2009 has decreased with time. From a 15% margin of victory in 1962, the average margin of victory has come down substantially to 9.7% in 2009, the thinnest margin since Independence with the average winning margin in parliamentary elections being 70,000 votes only. This evidence supports the claim electoral democracy isn’t really representative. The tyranny of the majority means that the will of the majority prevails over the minority. But if that is so, what is to stop a dominant group from using democracy to further entrench the oppression of minority groups? Worse yet, how will the interests of oppressed minorities ever be taken seriously if they can always be overruled by the votes of the majority? Despite Electoral Democracy sounding well in theory, there could be cases where a hostile, organized majority takes on the minority and systematically sidelines them, thus undermining the whole essence of democracy for the latter. Gujarat riots (2002 Gujarat Violence), and the way they helped create factionalism, leading to the right-wing forces to capitalize on the organized majoritys sentiment in the 2002 state elections in India is a classic example of this kind of failure. Democracy means collective self-governance among equals. If a segment of society push for the segregation and subjugation of another segment of society, then it is fundamentally undemocratic for it means undermining the ideal of collective self-rule. Slim majority still qualifies as majority and there is no bare minimum a contestant needs to get in order to be elected, he only needs to beat his competitors. In the view of its majoritarian nature, the fact that when it comes down to measuring the mood of the people, one cannot really ignore 49% of the people who voted against the selected candidate, casts a shadow over electoral democracy being fair and just. According to EB White, â€Å"Democracy is the recurrent suspicion that more than half of the people are right more than half the time.† The Actuality of Majority In the name of Collective Justice, Electoral Democracy hangs Individual Justice at the altar. Though, I understand that it is impossible to consider every opinion in the country and a choice has to be made between Individual and Collective Justice and Collective seems like the more obvious choice, I am going to further debunk Electoral Democracy by asserting that the Collective Justice in this case does not really account for a majority. Even though Electoral Democracy finds its roots in majority so as to say, it is not real majority and in fact all governments in such systems are elected by a minority of voters. Voter turnout has varied historically in India between 50-60%.[ii] So a potential winning majority of 51% of 60% of voters who turn out would imply the views of only about 30% of the nation. Additionally, according to estimates, in each Lok Sabha constituency in the country, the number of unregistered voters could be as high as 2.1 lakh.[iii] The votes can be touted as representative, but the election in itself can’t be called the same because of votes to seats ratio not being one. A party which gets 90% of national votes does not necessarily get 90% of seats, as seats depend on constituencies and their demographics. According to statistics, if we take the Congress Party for example, for every 1% share of the vote Congress garnered in 1977, it was rewarded with .9 seats. But in 1980, that changed drastically: a 1 percentage point increase in vote share was suddenly worth nearly 1.7 seats. Even very small changes in the vote share can have dramatic impacts on the number of seats won. For instance, in 1999 and 2009 the Congress Party won an almost identical share of votes (28.3 versus 28.5%, respectively but the partys seat share rose from 140 seats to nearly206 seats. What triggers this effect is how broadly spread/concentrated a partys vote share is at the level of individual constituencies. So in practice, a party may be winning only because its voter base lies in lesser populated constituencies which incidentally may be more in number than the heavily populated ones. At best, representative democracy with its focus on electoral democracy can be just for a sub group of the population at a particular point of time and not for the entire population itself. In such cases, Electoral Democracy is neither individually just nor collectively. Policy Recommendations Until an alternative model to Democracy is formulated which considers all individual opinions in the country, the violation of individual justice can be minimised by increasing the number of choices in terms of candidates available to individuals and by instituting quorums with respect to Right to Rejection, according to which when a certain percentage of population rejects the existing candidates, the polls should be held again with new candidates. Arrows impossibility theorem states that a clear order of preferences cannot be determined while adhering to mandatory principles of fair voting procedures, implying that for numerous decisions, it is impossible to aggregate individual preferences in a meaningful way. Given the difficulty in counting for the choices of all individuals in a particular country while forming the Government, collective justice, despite its demerits, is a feasible alternative, entailing the Rule of the Majority. However, what every country should strive towards is Real Majority, by increasing the voter base in the country, alongside voter turn outs by creating awareness in its populace. Another way of minimising the Tyranny of the Majority is by building Collective Intelligence. The degree to which various perspectives are included increases the collective intelligence of the whole. Mary Parker Follett understood the potential of dialogue and group process to create a larger whole within which both the individual and the collective are interdependent and in synergy, rather than opposed to one another. She wrote: The great cosmic force in the womb of humanity is latent in the group as its creative energy; that it may appear the individual must do his duty every moment. We do not get the whole power of the group unless every individual is given full value. It is the creative spontaneity of each which makes life march on irresistibly to the purposes of the whole. Our social and political organization must be such that this group life is possible. (1918) The notion that people living under a democratic government are ultimately responsible for that governments policies i.e. collective moral responsibility can be reinstated so that individuals as a part of a collective take rational decisions. What can make Representative Democracy more representative is a Right to recall an elected representative if the electorate is dissatisfied with his or her performance, instead of waiting for five years for the next election. Also, injustice that pertains to being governed by unwanted candidates can be minimised by including the voices of people in the Policy Making Process. What this would encompass is that irrespective of whether the candidate governing me is chosen by me or not, I still get to have a say in the policies I want for myself. This would take care of both cases, wherein my elected representative’s take on a certain policy is different from mine as well as when the representative isn’t the one I voted for. Thus, Electoral Democracy which proves to be a failing of Representative Democracy doesn’t become a major deterrent to actual representation in a model like Direct Democracy that deals with involvement of all individuals in Policy Planning and limits the power of the representatives. In Direct Democracy, citizens co-create government on a regular basis and not just at the time of the election. However, one must keep in mind the volatility of this form of democracy and if executed, it must be done through very small steps by letting people debate and make decisions on how to spend the government money that is allotted to their locality in the very beginning. Slowly, when this system stabilizes, more power could be given to people to debate and make decisions on issues in their town, district and so on. In cases where Direct Democracy as a model itself seems infeasible because of sheer numbers, higher citizen engagement should be encouraged and valued in examining broadly defined questions of regional or national importance through mechanisms such as Consensus Conferences (from Denmark), Planning Cells (from Germany) and Scenario Workshops. A combination of internet data and technology, big data and real time analysis can be fruitful in this regard. Portals such as Twitter[iv], Facebook, YouTube, etc. can be used to infer the general sentiment of people. Indices such as the Asian Barometer[v], Happy Barometer[vi] and projects like SPIDER[vii], HeyCrowd[viii], GovTogether[ix], VoteIQ[x], Democracy Audits, Actly[xi] should also be embraced at a large scale. Conclusion In the words of Sir Winston Churchill, â€Å"Many forms of Government have been tried, and will be tried in this world of sin and woe. No one pretends that democracy is perfect or all-wise. Indeed, it has been said that democracy is the worst form of government except all those other forms that have been tried from time to time. So till the time, a model comes which does away with Individual injustice, while maintaining Collective Justice, Democracy is our best bet and we should look at minimising the injustices perpetrated by it by experimenting with alternative models within Democracy and effective citizen engagement. Endnotes: [i] NDTV, Supreme Court gives voters right to reject all candidates in a poll, http://www.ndtv.com/article/cheat-sheet/supreme-court-gives-voters-right-to-reject-all-candidates-in-a-poll-424424, (September 27, 2013), Accessed on 27th February’14, 10 PM [ii] International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, Voter turnout data for India, http://www.idea.int/vt/countryview.cfm?id=105 Accessed on 27th February’14, 10 PM [iii] â€Å"His (Modi’s) assessment is that half of the 18 to 24 year-olds across the country are not registered or familiar with ways to enroll themselves even though the Election Commission has advertised the process. An estimate done by his key aides show the number of such unregistered voters could be as high as 1.5 lakh in each Lok Sabha constituency. Even the older unregistered could be as high as 60,000 voters.† Hindustan Times, Modi eyes young voters to clinch victory in 2014 polls, http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Modi-eyes-young-voters-to-clinch-victory-in-2014-polls/Article1-1125680.aspx, (September 22, 2013) Accessed on 27th February’14, 10 PM [iv] Co.Design, Infographic of the Day: Twitter Tracks the Entire Countrys Mood, http://www.fastcodesign.com/1661966/infographic-of-the-day-twitter-tracks-the-entire-countrys-mood Accessed on 27th February’14, 10 PM [v] Asian Barometer is an applied research program on public opinion on political values, democracy and governance across the region and represents a careful and systematic comparative survey of attitudes and values toward politics, power, reform and democracy. [vi] Vilnius mayor Arturas Zuokas insists that the Happiness Barometer is a â€Å"great tool for politicians,† pointing out that: â€Å"If we take a decision and see a sharp fall in the mood of the city, then we know we have done something horribly wrong.† [vii] SPIDER is a project which aims to create an enabling environment for dialogue on elections, democracy and good governance through capacity building on access to information and ICT skills. [viii] HeyCrowd is an entirely mobile opinion-sharing platform. [ix] GovTogether is a network to connect voters to politicians. [x] VoteIQ allows users to get political news/information, rate politicians, watchdog politicians and the media. [xi] Actly enables users to enter a politicians Twitter handle and briefly tweet an idea and hook a politician to a petition. References Accessed on 28th February, 2 PM http://www.taoofdemocracy.com/sample.html

Comparing the Duty of the Physician in Dracula, Frankenstein, and Awake

   Through close analysis of the respective physicians illustrated within Bram Stoker's Dracula, Mary Shelly's Frankenstein, and Oliver Sack's Awakenings, one is able to comment upon their respective duties. The duty of the doctor, as portrayed in these texts, can be seen to be highly varied and immensely diverse. Bram Stoker's Dracula deals with the role and duty of the doctor, and with the relationship between them and their patient extensively. Stoker, from a medical family himself (his brothers were doctors), creates a very stereotypical male doctor/female patient scenario with Dr. Seward and Dr. Van Helsing aiding Lucy Westerna and Mina Harper. Of the two physicians however, Seward comes to illustrate the failings of Victorian English society, and is also romantically involved with one of the patients (Lucy Westerna) which confuses and muddles the normal duties one would expect from a doctor to their patient. From these distractions and lack of belief in the supernatural - modern Victorian society dismissed the supernatural - Dr. Van Helsing stands at the forefront of our attention in the battle against Dracula, and demonstrates his duties admirably for all to see. Doctor Abraham Van Helsing is undoubtedly one of the most fascinating characters we encounter within the novel. Aside from his role as "a philosopher and a metaphysician, and one of the most advanced scientists of his day" (Stoker, 121), he is also a gentleman of much compassion and care. At his introduction, Van Helsing is obligated to rush to the Westenra household in Whitby to attend to Lucy Westrena's mysterious illness, as a request from Dr. Seward. Due to the fact that Dr. Seward sucked gangrene poison from Van Helsing's wound ... ...om the extreme case of neglect as illustrated in Mary Shelly's Frankenstein with Victor, to the loyal, courageous Dr. Van Helsing in Bram Stoker's Dracula, to the personally moving battle of Dr Sacks in Awakenings. All offer a different level of duty to their patient(s), despite the fact that all have sworn the same Hippocratic Oath.    Bibliography Hammond, Ray. â€Å"The Scientist as God.† The Modern Frankenstein: Fiction Becomes Fact. Poole: Blandford, 1986. 21-45. Rpt. in Nineteenth Century Literature Criticism. Ed. Jessica Momanto and Russel Whitaker. Vol. 170. Detroit: Gale, 2006. Sacks, Oliver. Awakenings. London: Picador, 2002. Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. Broadview Editions, 3rd Edition 2012. Smith, Andrew. Dracula and the Critics. Sheffield: Pavic Publications, 1996. Stoker, Bram. Dracula. London: Penguin, 1998.   

Advanced accounting Ch 1 solution Essay

1A business combination is a union of business entities in which two or more previously separate and independent companies are brought under the control of a single management team. Three situations establish the control necessary for a business combination, namely, when one or more corporations become subsidiaries, when one company transfers its net assets to another, and when each combining company transfers its net assets to a newly formed corporation. 2The dissolution of all but one of the separate legal entities is not necessary for a business combination. An example of one form of business combination in which the separate legal entities are not dissolved is when one corporation becomes a subsidiary of another. In the case of a parent-subsidiary relationship, each combining company continues to exist as a separate legal entity even though both companies are under the control of a single management team. 3A business combination occurs when two or more previously separate and independent companies are brought under the control of a single management team. Merger and consolidation in a generic sense are frequently used as synonyms for the term business combination. In a technical sense, however, a merger is a type of business combination in which all but one of the combining entities are dissolved and a consolidation is a type of business combination in which a new corporation is formed to take over the assets of two or more previously separate companies and all of the combining companies are dissolved. 4Goodwill arises in a business combination accounted for under the acquisition method when the cost of the investment (fair value of the consideration transferred) exceeds the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired. Under GAAP, goodwill is not amortized for financial reporting purposes and will have no effect on net income, unless the goodwill is deemed to be impaired. If goodwill is impaired, a loss will be recognized. 5A bargain purchase occurs when the acquisition price is less than the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired. The acquirer records the gain from a bargain purchase as an ordinary gain during the period of the acquisition. The gain equals the difference between the investment cost and the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired.

Women and traditional roles in girl interupted essays

Women and traditional roles in girl interupted essays Films tell us stories and present us with values and messages about our society and what needs to be changed. In the film Girl, Interrupted, Susannas struggle with self-discovery and her fight to find a place in society illustrates the view that the women who do not fit into traditional roles should be ostracised from mainstream society given that they pose the threat of change. It is clear that women like Susanna, who have little ambition in becoming a carbon copy of their mother, are seen as a threat and therefore classified as crazy. Susanna is clearly misunderstood by her peers as well as the authority figures in her life. She is not a degenerate but a young girl frustrated with her limited options for the future. When Susanna is held after class by her teacher to discuss why she is the only senior not going on to college, she tries to reach out for support from her teacher by explaining that she's not a druggie but she is concerned about ending up like her mother. The teacher does not hear this and claims that there are more options for women today. Susanna is trying to open up and seek some guidance, but the only solution she gets is that she gets is to start acting like everyone else. This scene reveals how secluded and trapped Susanna feels, nobody seems to understand her even her parents don't know what to do with her. The people she is reaching ou t to, brush off her ambitions of being an artist, as something to do in her spare time, and place social pressure on her to do what is expected. Even her peers expect more from her; at the after-grade party the boy that is trying to pick her up is talking about his scholarship and future, but this does not impress Susanna. He sees this as strange and is willing to believe her when she jokes about joining the Krishna's because she seems to have no plan for the futu ...

The Comparison of Characters in Reference to Beowulf Essays

The Comparison of Characters in Reference to Beowulf Essays The Comparison of Characters in Reference to Beowulf Paper The Comparison of Characters in Reference to Beowulf Paper However, I find this untrue, the characters In Beowulf are more dynamic and have greater moral value when compared and contrasted to characters In most modern day novels. When we think of the epic Beowulf the first thing that comes to mind Is the mall character of the story Beowulf himself. Throughout the story he Is by far the most dynamic character and we see more of his Inner self than anyone else In the story. We witness Beowulf develop from an upstart young man Into a wise, courteous, old king. For example, we observe this change mostly in the reason that he fights: when he was young Beowulf fought for himself, for self glory, at the end of the epic (in the fight with the dragon) we see that he fights for his people selflessly and without care for his own safety. In his younger days Beowulf fought Greened without weapons so that the fight would be on fair terms, but when we look upon Beowulf when he is older, he does not leave behind any advantage when he pits himself against the dragon, it is this unique change that tells us so much about how he feels about the dragon as apposed to how he felt of Greened when they did battle. In that battle Beowulf wanted to prove himself, so he did not use weapons so that the fight would be on even terms; conversely, in the battle with the dragon he was protecting his people so he used all his weapons and skills to defeat the beast, he wanted to ensure hat he would not lose at any cost. While looking for a modern day novel to contrast with Beowulf I found an enormous series of novels written by R. A. Salvatore, this series is called the Forgotten Realms series and has one main character throughout the entire series. This character is named Drizzle, and after reading many of these books I can give an honest opinion about the series. I found that in this series the main character hardly changes at all, one could say that the character is almost completely stoic throughout the entire series; not through Just one book, or chapter, but throughout the entire rise he barely develops psychologically as a character. I found that through this series Drizzle changes locations, wardrobe, weapons, and associates. However, I found that he does not change what he fights for or why he fights; some of the other characters In the books change, but none so dramatically so as to be compared to Beowulf. By observing the moral values In Beowulf society we find many saltcellars to our own set of values. However, there are also some not-so-salary values found In this work, such as the grandeur and quality of hospitality shown to Beowulf by Warthogs. This cultural value is one that we do not extend to everyone that comes to our home, unlike Harington we 00 not value now everyone reels tout us nor 00 we Tell obligated to treat everyone as guests. This deficit is Just one of the many things in todays society that has been degrading since the time of Beowulf and before. The simple facts are that we do not think that we can afford the same kind of hospitality and honor that Warthogs bestows upon his visitors. We do not have the time to thank someone that comes to help us with a problem, we need to get the problem fixed and et back to life. There are very few of us that seem to think akin to Warthogs. For example, if we are friendly to an electrician and help him in any way possible, maybe get him a drink or something, if we ever need his services again I would bet that his repairs are more prompt and his attitude is better than if we had been mean or indifferent to him the last time he had to come fix something. It makes me think that Warthogs has some common sense in acting this way to Beowulf; this is Just one example of the moral deficits we find when comparing Beowulf society to our own. All in all, when compared to the characters in modern novels I find that Beowulf is generally better in most aspects. He does not fall short when it comes to moral decisions, he takes everything in stride, and he is not lacking in the bravery department. His character is very dynamic and changes throughout the epic, not only that but his comrades change along with him, some for better and some for worse. I cannot help but admire this epic in all its glory, not only is it a great story with a good plot but it has survived for over a millennia and to this day never fails to entertain readers. How can I compare some novel that is not even thirty years old to this epic, I do not expect any modern novel to be as great as Beowulf or to attain such a level of fame and respect. If one was to ask me why, I would tell them to check with me in a thousand years and see if they could find their favorite novel from the present being studied in colleges across the world. Even then I doubt that it would be on par with Beowulf nor for that matter any other works written around that time. Overall the epic Beowulf has better character development than almost any modern book that I have had the pleasure, or displeasure, to read.

Thinking critically Simulation Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Thinking critically Simulation Review - Essay Example importance weighing, intuition, and imagining were all problem evaluation tools and techniques that were encountered in one form or another somewhere in the simulation. I would have probably used the same techniques, only I would have added the following to the mix: cause-and-effect diagrams, check sheets, group think, multivoting, value analysis, and visualizing. Adding visuals such as diagrams and check sheets can help a wider audience to understand the plans that are to be implemented. They are also a better form of organization for a business to follow. They allowed managers to see the big picture before making any major decisions that could affect hundreds of peoples’ lives. The also let managers consider what could happen if they choose to go in a certain direction rather than in another. This step is a very important part of any strategic planning process. Growth necessitates change. If a company wishes to grow and become profitable, they have to learn to make plans and stick with them unless the risk outweighs the benefits. The outcome reached in the simulation was not much more than to continue as usual, and this simply will not work for the long-term. Things are not going to get any better, and will in fact get much worse, if the store chooses to take this route. People in the company, especially management, simply cannot continue to be afraid of change. If they resist it too much, chances are that they will go under in a very short period of time. This is definitely not the goal of the company. The proposed changes would allow management to consider the benefits and risks in a much deeper light. When this is done, better strategic decisions can be made. It is difficult to make good judgment calls without hardcore and factual data written, drawn, or printed up where managers can physically look at it and evaluate the consequences of their actions. There are several major problems that are presented in the simulation. The junior

The Normal Distribution and Probability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Normal Distribution and Probability - Essay Example Given that the median helps to do away with influences associated with too much of one or two scores on the extremes of any given distribution, it thus emerges as the measure of choice in variability. Assignment 2 Sales 500 salespeople of a company are mostly normally distributed forming a bell symmetrical shape. Whereby sales from those who record high sales appear on the right side while those with low sales coming on the left side and with a majority of sales appearing on the middle part of the distribution, translating to an average of sales on either side of the curve accounting for the mean sales. This would make it resourceful to come up with a working model to be used to work out a budget as well as predicting performance of the company. A company would predict the effect-increase in sales revenue- of increasing the number stores and salespeople. This distribution also helps to not only identify those sales people who need extra training but also it helps to identify those wh o need to be replaced. It is worth to consider the size of the sample in question, with a large sample like that of the 500 sales people proving to be more representative compared to a sample of about 100 people. It is therefore relevant statistically to estimate that adding one more sales person is worth for instance $25,000 increase in revenue. Clearly from the study sales people and their respective sales are the main variables which are measured in ratio scale since there are those sales people who have nil sales. On using a continuous scale, sales are normally distributed with most of sales in middle range and the entire sales data being within the range 40% of the average sale. A probability value of 0.05 implies 5% of the sales people will sell an amount different from expected sales value and while the remaining 95 % are expected to sell at an amount within the expected amount. This concept is therefore used to represent monthly countable sales. Assignment 3 Organizations re sort to using means such as incentives and bonuses so as to increase the productivity of their employees. In order prove that financial incentives have always boosted the productivity of employees, I will evaluate the hypothesis that a $ 1,000 incentive offered to employees is sufficient to make them finish a project before the expected time. In this study size of incentive and level of productivity are the independent and dependent variables respectively. Assuming the population sample n=30 would be chosen randomly from the employees allocated to new projects. Hypothesis testing is an analysis of a given research, with a null hypothesis indicating a zero change as a result of the $ 1000 incentive represented by  µ. On the other hand a change as a result of the $ 1000 incentive indicates the alternative hypothesis. In order to determine critical boundaries and identify chances of Type 1error, it's important to select an alpha level. Selecting a .01 alpha level provides a low risk error and avoids overstretching the critical area since this level enhances a balance between the functions which offers a base to reject or accept the proposed effect of the incentive. A one-tailed test is utilized when hypothesis about a particular directional rather than general. Results obtained from one -tailed test are of significance